Fig. 2.

Characterization and cellular uptake of HAp crystals. A) SEM of synthetic nHAp and human plaque derived HAp. Scal bar, 100 nm. B) TEM images of S-HAp and H-HAp. C) XRD pattern of S-HAp and H-HAp. D) FT-IR of S-HAp and H-HAp. E) Confocal microscopic images of VSMCs after mixed with 100 μg/mL fluorexon-labeled HAp for 24 h. Scale bar: 50 μm. F) TEM images of VSMCs after cultured with 100 μg/mL HAp for 24 h. Scale bar: 1 μm. Red arrow points lysosome, green arrows point autophagosomes, blue arrow points autolysosome and yellow arrows point aggregated HAp.