Table 1.

Double-blind, randomized, controlled trials using MSCs in COVID-19 patients.

Type of MSCs administered	Study design and reference	No. of patients in whom MSC infusion efficacy has been measured	Major inclusion criteria	Measured parameters	Major outcomes
Umbilical cord MSCs	Phase I/IIa (single center, double blind, randomized, and controlled)14	12	COVID-19 with ARDS and cytokine storm	Survival Inflammation	Improved survival Reduced proinflammatory cytokines
Umbilical cord MSCs	Phase II (multicenter, double blind, randomized, and controlled)24	49	COVID-19 with confirmed lung damage	Lung lesion volume 6-Min walk test	Reduced lung lesion volume Increased distance traveled