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. 2021 Aug 27;8:704106. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704106

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Smoking alters the function and phenotype of smooth muscle cells. Smoking induces smooth muscle cell autophagy through oxidative stress and causes smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through multiple signaling pathways. At the same time, it also regulates changes in the functions of smooth muscle cells by stimulating macrophages to secrete exosomes.