Table 1.
Metabolic roles of sPLA2 isoforms.
| sPLA2 Isoforms | Primary Localization | Metabolic Implications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLA2G1B | Pancreas, lung | Promotes weight gain; increases TG and cholesterol levels through elevated LPC intestinal absorption | (9–16) |
| PLA2G2A | Platelets, liver, leukocytes, paneth cells, adipose tissue | Controversial; promotes weight gain, insulin resistance in rats. Improves metabolic parameters in mice. | (17–21) |
| PLA2G2D | Lymph tissue dendritic cells | Undocumented; May be metabolically beneficial due to release of anti-inflammatory FAs/lipid mediators | (22–25) |
| PLA2G2E | Adipose | Controversial; Pla2g2e-/- male mice display blunted lipolysis and elevated TG storage. Other experiments using Pla2g2e-/- female mice found reduced lipid accumulation. | (26–29) |
| PLA2G5 | Adipose, bronchial epithelial cells, hepatocytes, islets, macrophages, cardiomyocytes | Protective of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance; pushes adipose tissue macrophages from M1➔M2 state. | (26) |
| PLA2G10 | Lung, adrenal gland, brain, heart, adipose | Protective of diet-induced obesity. Improves TG clearance in adipose and suppresses glucocorticoid production in adrenal cells | (27, 30–34) |
| PLA2G12B | Liver, small intestine, kidneys | Strong regulation over hepatic lipoprotein packaging and VLDL secretion; expression protects from hepatosteatosis | (8, 35–45) |
Tissue specific expression patterns and metabolic roles for the secretory phospholipases A2.