FIGURE 3.

The involvement of mitochondria in nuclear epigenetic regulation and mtDNA methylation. Mitochondrial genomes can be modified by methyltransferases which are transport from nuclear to mitochondria. Simultaneously, Histone acetylation/deacetylation and DNA methylation participate in the expression of nuclear-encoded genes regulated mitochondrial function including some transcription factor that regulated genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Non-coding RNA, including miRNA, lncRNA, and cicrRNA, coded by nucleus genome or several miRNAs coded by mt-DNA, can regulate genes encoding part of proteins in mitochondria to influence mitochondria biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and cell apoptosis. In addition, the nuclear-encoded miRNAs assemble with Ago to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is improved into the mitochondria through protein channels in mitochondria membrane and thereby regulate mt-mRNA translation.