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A diagram of the negative feedback cycle between hypoxia and the rate of mitochondrial respiration. Hypoxia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from mitochondrial complex III. Multiple molecular pathways respond and decrease ATP utilization, resulting in a decrease in the mitochondrial respiration rate. In tandem with the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, ROS production decreases, thereby preventing cell damage and death [image adapted from reference (95)].
