Table 3.

Details of resistance exercise protocols (according to FITT criteria).

First author, year	Intervention Details	Frequency	Intensity	Duration	Sets∗Reps
Andersen 2016(1/2)41	Leg press, seated leg extension, hamstring curl, lateral pull-down and lateral dumbbell raises. At the end of each training session 5 min of core training (crunches, hip extension, side bends, diagonal lifts, and trunk rotation) was performed.	2 d per week	(week 0–4): 16–20 RM (week 5–8): 12 RM (week 9–12): 10 RM (week 13–52): 8 RM	16 weeks	(week 0–12): 3 sets (week 13–52): 4 sets
				52weeks
Botton 201829	Functional exercises (squat and steps up and down); Traditional exercises (leg press, leg extension, leg curl, hip abduction, inclined bench press, low row, biceps curl, triceps, crunch)	3 d per week	Functional exercises: additional load or step if < 6 on OMNI scale; Traditional exercises: (week 1–8): 15RM, (week 9–12): 12RM	12 weeks	Functional exercises: (week 1–4): 2 sets∗10reps, (week 5–8): 3 sets∗10 reps; (week9–12): 3 sets∗15reps Traditional exercises: (week 1–4): 2 sets∗12 reps, (week 5–8): 3 sets∗12 reps; (week9–12): 3 sets∗10 reps
Brooks 200631	strength training using five pneumatic machines: upper back, chest press, leg press, knee extension and flexion	3 d per week	(week 1–8): 60–80% 1RM (week 10–14): 70–80% 1RM	16 weeks	3 sets∗8reps
Castaneda 200240	PRT using five pneumatic resistance training machines (chest and leg press, upper back, knee extension, and flexion; Keiser Sports Health Equipment, Fresno, CA)	3 d per week	(week 1–8): 60–80% 1RM (week 10–14): 70–80% 1RM	16 weeks	3 sets∗8reps
de Carvalho Bastone 202045	resistance training included the following muscle groups: shoulder abductors, flexors and extensors; scapular adductors; elbow flexors and extensors; hip adductors, abductors, flexors, and extensors; knee flexors and extensors. Elastic bands, dumbbells, and ankle weights were used as resistance. Ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion from a stand position and sit-to-stand from a chair	3 d per week	80% 10RM	12 weeks	3 sets∗8reps
Dipietro 2008 (1/2/3)27	using Thera-Bands, Thera-Balls, and hand weights	4 d per week	45%–50% VO2peak 90 (85–97) beats · min−1	12 weeks
				24 weeks
				36 weeks
Fatouros 2005 (1/2/3)26	eight resistance exercises: chest press, leg extension, shoulder press, leg curls, latissimus pull down, leg press, arm curls, and triceps extension; abdominal crunches and lower back exercises	3 d per week	45–50% 1RM	24 weeks	(week 1–4): 1 sets∗6reps
			60–65% 1RM		(week 5–12): 2 sets∗8reps
			80–85% 1RM		(week 13–20): 3 sets∗10reps (week 21–24): 4 sets∗10-12reps
Hsieh 201842	eight RT exercises: the chest press, shoulder press, biceps curl, hip abduction, standing hip flexion, leg press, standing calf raise, and abdominal crunch	3 d per week	Beginning: 40–50% 1RM (for the chest press and leg press); 12 to 13 on the Borg scale (for the shoulder press, biceps curl, hip abduction, standing hip fl exion, standing calf raise, and abdominal crunch). Ending: 75% 1RM; 14 to 16 on the Borg scale	12 weeks	3 sets∗8-12reps
Kim 201830	six pieces of outdoor exercise equipment, including pull weight, chair pull, leg extension, sky-walk and cross-country.	3 d per week	(week 1–2): Borg scale (RPE) ‘6’ (week 3–4): Borg scale (RPE) ‘7’ (week 5–6): Borg scale (RPE) ‘8’	6 weeks	1-3 sets∗12-15reps
Rech 201943	functional exercises: partial squat and bench stepping; traditional resistance exercises: unilateral leg press, unilateral knee extension, knee flexion, plantar flexion, bench press, low row, biceps curl, elbow extension, hip abduction and abdominal crunches	3 d per week	Beginning: 15RM Ending: 12RM	12 weeks	functional exercises: (week 1–4): 2 sets∗10reps (week 5–8): 3 sets∗10reps (week 9–12): 3 sets∗15reps traditional resistance exercises: (week 1–4): 2 sets∗12reps (week 5–8): 3 sets∗12reps (week 9–12): 3 sets∗10reps
Shabkhiz 2020(1/2)44	the machines used were leg press, leg extension, seated leg curl, seated calf, bench press, compound row, triceps press, and bicep curl	3 d per week	70% 1RM	12 weeks	3 sets∗10reps
Tomeleri 201828	Participants performed the following exercises: chest press, seated row, triceps pushdown, preacher curl, horizontal leg press, knee extension, knee curl and seated calf raise	3 d per week	10-15RM	12 weeks	3 sets∗10-15reps

Borg's RPE scale: Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale; OMNI RPE scale: OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale.