Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 639)
| Characteristic | Never deliriums (n = 439), N (%) | Ever deliriums (n = 200), n (%) | Overall Cohort (n = 639), N (%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (month) | ||||
| < 6 M | 194 (44.2) | 98 (49.0) | 292 (45.7) | 0.001** |
| 6-12 M | 88 (20.0) | 57 (28.5) | 145 (22.7) | |
| 13-36 M | 62 (14.1) | 25 (12.5) | 87 (13.6) | |
| > 37 M | 95 (21.6) | 20 (10.0) | 115 (18.0) | |
| Sex | ||||
| male | 238 (54.2) | 110 (55.0) | 348 (54.5) | 0.461 |
| female | 201 (45.8) | 90 (45.0) | 291 (45.5) | |
| Gestational | ||||
| Preterm | 37 (8.4) | 21 (10.5) | 58 (9.1) | 0.241 |
| No preterm | 401 (91.3) | 179 (89.5) | 581 (90.9) | |
| Admission diagnosis | ||||
| Sepsis/ARDS | 78 (17.8) | 63 (31.5) | 141 (22.1) | 0.008** |
| Surgery | 264 (60.1) | 102 (51.0) | 366 (57.3) | |
| Asthma, other pulmonary disease | 31 (7.1) | 12 (6.0) | 43 (6.7) | |
| Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, or cardiogenic shock | 6 (1.4) | 3 (1.5) | 9 (1.4) | |
| Airway protection | 17 (3.9) | 7 (3.5) | 24 (3.8) | |
| Other | 43 (9.8) | 13 (6.5) | 56 (8.8) | |
| Pain | ||||
| Yes | 178 (89.00) | 398 (90.66) | 576 (90.01) | 0.510 |
| No | 22 (11.00) | 41 (9.34) | 65 (10.17) | |
| Head injury | ||||
| Yes | 3 (1.50) | 4 (0.91) | 7 (1.10) | 0.510 |
| No | 197 (98.50) | 435 (99.09) | 632 (98.90) | |
| Emergency check-in | ||||
| Yes | 90 (20.5) | 55 (27.5) | 145 (22.7) | 0.033* |
| No | 349 (79.5) | 145 (72.5) | 494 (77.3) | |
| Mechanically ventilated | ||||
| Yes | 45 (10.3) | 93 (46.5) | 138 (21.6) | 0.000** |
| No | 394 (89.7) | 107 (53.5) | 501 (78.4) | |
| Restrict | ||||
| Yes | 385 (87.7) | 192 (96.0) | 577 (90.3) | 0.000** |
| No | 54 (12.3) | 8 (4.0) | 62 (9.7) | |
| Opioid exposure | ||||
| Yes | 16 (3.6) | 12 (6.0) | 28 (4.4) | 0.128 |
| No | 423 (96.4) | 188 (94.0) | 611 (95.6) | |
| Dexmedetomidineor exposure | ||||
| Yes | 18 (4.1) | 22 (11.0) | 40 (6.3) | 0.001** |
| No | 421 (95.9) | 178 (89.0) | 599 (93.7) | |
| Benzodiazepine exposure | ||||
| Yes | 72 (16.4) | 66 (33.0) | 138 (21.6) | 0.000** |
| No | 367 (83.6) | 134 (67.0) | 501 (78.4) | |
| LOS | 0.000** | |||
| 1-2 | 183 (41.7) | 32 (16.0) | 215 (33.6) | |
| 3-4 | 120 (27.3) | 48 (24.0) | 168 (26.3) | |
| 5-6 | 69 (15.7) | 29 (14.5) | 98 (15.3) | |
| > 7 | 67 (15.3) | 91 (45.5) | 158 (24.7) | |
| PRISM IV Score | 0.000** | |||
| 1-6 | 376 (86.4) | 93 (46.7) | 469 (74.0) | |
| 7-11 | 53 (12.2) | 86 (43.2) | 139 (21.9) | |
| ≥ 12 | 6 (14.0) | 20 (10.1) | 26 (4.1) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.001** | |||
| < 10 | 143 (32.6) | 40 (20.0) | 183 (28.6) | |
| 10-50 | 261 (59.5) | 131 (65.5) | 392 (61.3) | |
| > 50 | 35 (8.0) | 29 (14.5) | 64 (10.0) | |
| Duration of Infection | 0.81±1.86 | 4.4±7.60 | 0.000** | |
| Duration of Hypoxia | 0.53±1.46 | 3.14±6.19 | 0.000** |
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01.
CRP: C-reactive protein; LOS: Length of stay; PRISM IV Score: Pediatric Risk of Mortality IV Score; Duration of Hypoxia: Sum of days of hypoxia during ICU stay; Duration of Infection: Sum of days of infection during ICU stay.