Table 2.
Baseline characteristic of the study population stratified by course of diabetes
| Variable | <10 years (n=436) | ≥10 years (n=544) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.34±13.28 | 64.81±10.50 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.284 | ||
| Male | 237 (54.36%) | 277 (50.92%) | |
| Female | 199 (45.64%) | 267 (49.08%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.06±5.76 | 25.05±5.65 | 0.990 |
| Education | 0.302 | ||
| Lower than High school | 163 (37.39%) | 221 (40.62%) | |
| High school or above | 273 (62.61%) | 323 (59.38%) | |
| Calendar year | 0.113 | ||
| 2015 | 211 (48.39%) | 291 (53.49%) | |
| 2016 | 225 (51.61%) | 253 (46.51%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 206 (47.25%) | 278 (51.10%) | 0.230 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 185 (42.43%) | 286 (52.57%) | 0.002 |
| Coronary heart disease | 169 (38.76%) | 260 (47.79%) | 0.005 |
| Heart failure | 158 (36.24%) | 279 (51.29%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 41 (9.40%) | 101 (18.57%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 39 (8.94%) | 111 (20.40%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic kidney disease | 48 (11.01%) | 85 (15.62%) | 0.036 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 32 (7.34%) | 117 (21.51%) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 7.99±2.31 | 7.95±2.38 | 0.795 |
| Course of diabetes (months) | 52.50 (26.00-86.00) | 226.50 (170.00-280.25) | <0.001 |
| Type of treatment | <0.001 | ||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 208 (47.71%) | 162 (29.78%) | |
| Insulin | 139 (31.88%) | 133 (24.45%) | |
| Combination | 89 (20.41%) | 249 (45.77%) |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.