Table 1.
Completed clinical trials (phases 3 and 4) respecting cytokine-based immunotherapy for treatment of human cancers registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (May 2021).
| Condition | Cytokine | Phase | Participant number | Location | NCT number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | NA | USA | NCT00018941 |
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 220 | France | NCT00416871 |
| Colon cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 796 | Germany | NCT01060501 |
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 96 | UK | NCT00053807 |
| IFN-α | |||||
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 4 | NA | USA | NCT00006864 |
| Lymphoma | IL-2 | 3 | 206 | USA | NCT00002649 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 3 | 744 | USA/UK | NCT00002868 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 4 | 360 | Spain | NCT00390897 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 3 | 1551 | Germany/Switzerland | NCT00055874 |
| Colon cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 598 | Austria | Completed |
| Multiple myeloma | IFN-α | 3 | 103 | Italy | NCT00633542 |
| Multiple myeloma | IFN-α | 3 | 244 | NA | NCT00732641 |
| Multiple myeloma | IFN-α | 2/3 | 350 | Austria | NCT00205751 |
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 670 | Multinational | NCT00053820 |
| IFN-α | |||||
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 69 | USA | NCT00003126 |
| Kidney cancer | IFN-α | 3 | NA | Multinational | NCT00005966 |
| Kidney cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 320 | Multinational | NCT00005966 |
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 456 | France | NCT00416429 |
| IFN-α | |||||
| Kidney cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 732 | USA/Canada | NCT00072046 |
| Bladder cancer | IFN-α | 2/3 | 140 | Singapore | NCT00330707 |
| Melanoma | IL-2 | 3 | 140 | USA | NCT00002882 |
| IFN-α | |||||
| Various cancers | IL-11 | 3 | 62 | China | NCT01663441 |
| Melanoma | IL-2 | 3 | 70 | France | NCT00200577 |
| Melanoma | IL-2 | 3 | 350 | Multinational | NCT00039000 |
| Melanoma | IFN-α | 3 | 269 | Italy | NCT01359956 |
| Melanoma | IFN-α | 3 | 3000 | USA | NCT00004196 |
| Melanoma | IFN-α | 3 | 901 | Germany | NCT00204529 |
| Liver cancer | IFN-α | 4 | 100 | Japan | NCT00375661 |
| Kidney cancer | IL-2 | 3 | 310 | Italy | NCT00502034 |
| IFN-α | |||||
| Leukemia | IL-2 | 3 | 360 | Multinational | NCT00003991 |
| Leukemia | IL-2 | 3 | 420 | France | NCT00931138 |
| Leukemia | IL-2 | 3 | 61 | USA | NCT00002945 |
| Leukemia | IL-2 | 4 | 84 | Sweden | NCT01347996 |
| Leukemia | IL-2 | 3 | 720 | USA | NCT00006363 |
| Kidney cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 626 | Multinational | NCT00065468 |
| Head and neck cancer | IFN-α | 3 | NA | Multinational | NCT00054561 |
| Kidney cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 649 | Multinational | NCT00738530 |
| Melanoma | IFN-γ | 3 | 122 | USA | NCT00001296 |
| Liver cancer | IFN-α | 4 | 120 | Taiwan | NCT00630084 |
| Liver cancer | IFN-α | 3 | 150 | Italy | NCT00273247 |
| Multiple myeloma | IFN-α | 3 | 312 | USA | NCT00002556 |
| Melanoma | IFN-α | 3 | 167 | USA | NCT00003444 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 3 | 1106 | Multinational | NCT00333840 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 3 | 96 | USA | NCT00050531 |
| Leukemia | IFN-α | 3 | 41 | Germany | NCT02736721 |