Table 2.
The overview of studies based on the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as a carrier for delivery of interleukins to treat human tumors (in vitro and in vivo).
| Cancer | Interleukin | Cell line/model | Results (Ref) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glioma | IL-2 | 9L glioma cell line | Inhibition of the proliferation of 9L cell in vitro (57) |
| 9L glioma cell-bearing rats | MSC-IL-2 efficient tropism into tumor area and reducing tumor burden (57) | ||
| Neuroblastoma | IL-2 | SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line | Reducing the SH-SY5Y proliferation and also activation of PBMCs in vitro (59) |
| Breast cancer | IL-2 | MDA-MB-231 cell line | Induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (60) |
| Melanoma | IL-2 | B16F10 melanoma cell line | Increasing the viability and reducing the apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro (an unexpected result) (58) |
| B16F10 cell-bearing mice | Reducing the systemic CD4+ cells without any effect on tumor size in melanoma bearing mice (58) | ||
| Ascites | IL-12 | MethA ascites mice models | Suppression of the growth of ascites and promotion of the survival of tumor-bearing mice (63) |
| Melanoma | IL-12 | B16F10 cell-bearing mice | Attenuation of tumor burden by MSC-IL-12 intratumoral but not an intravenous injection (64) |
| Ovarian cancer | IL-12 | SKOV3 cell line | Inhibition of the proliferation of SKOV3 cells and inducing the cellular apoptosis in vitro (65) |
| SKOV3 cell-bearing nude mice | Suppression of the development of SKOV3 tumor explants (65) | ||
| Glioma | IL-12 | U251 cell-bearing nude mice | Inducing the marked inhibitory effect toward tumor growth by improvement of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio leading to tumor cells apoptosis (66) |
| Renal carcinoma | IL-12 | 786-0 cell-bearing nude mice | Regression tumor growth and providing prolonged mice survival (69) |
| Glioblastoma | IL-12 | GL261 and CT2A cell-bearing mice | Remarkable inversion of the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and inducing the CD8+ effector T-cell-mediated antitumor response (68) |
| IL-7 | |||
| Breast cancer | IL-18 | MCF-7 cell line | Inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the MCF-7 cell in vitro (71) |
| MCF-7 cell-bearing mice | Suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of breast tumor cell in vivo (71) | ||
| Glioma | IL-18 | Glioma C6 cell line | Suppression of the growth of C6 cells in vitro (74) |
| C6 glioma-bearing SD rats | Inhibition of the growth of glioma cell leading to prolonged survival (74) | ||
| Lymphoma | IL-21 | A20 cell-bearing BALB/c mice | Supporting the inhibited tumor incidence as well as promoted survival (76) |
| Ovarian cancer | IL-21 | SKOV3 cell-bearing nude mice | Suppression of the β-catenin and cyclin-D1 activities in the tumor tissues leading to delayed tumor growth in vivo (77) |
| Ovarian cancer | IL-21 | A2780 cell-bearing nude mice | Delayed tumor growth by activation of NK cells response against tumor cells in vivo (78) |
| Ovarian cancer | IL-21 | SKOV3 cell-bearing nude mice | Inhibition of tumor growth by combination therapy using MSC-IL-21 and miR-200 mediated by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo (79) |
IL, interleukin; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.