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. 2021 Aug 27;9:688788. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688788

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Copyright © 2021 Gems, Kern, Nour and Ezcurra.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Double death: Reproductive death and adaptive death combine to promote fitness. In both cases there is evidence for the existence of adaptive death, but its existence has not been definitively proven (Galimov and Gems, 2021). The two examples of double death differ in that adaptive death in C. elegans involves consumer sacrifice (removing a consumer to increase food availability for kin) while in O. nerka it involves biomass sacrifice (dying to facilitate resource remobilization) (Lohr et al., 2019).