Table 2. Habitual Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes.
| Variable | Cumulative mean consumption of alcohol | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 g/d (n = 1558) | 0.1-4.9 g/d (n = 2249) | 5.0-14.9 g/d (n = 752) | ≥15.0 g/d (n = 181) | |
| Total alcohol consumption, median (IQR), g/d | 0 | 1.6 (0.9-2.7) | 8.1 (6.4-10.7) | 21.3 (17.2-27.3)a |
| Women with type 2 diabetes, No. | 386 | 420 | 72 | 19 |
| Person-years | 28 712.0 | 35 642.2 | 11 400.3 | 2573.3 |
| Age-adjusted analysis, HR (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.79 (0.68-0.92) | 0.42 (0.32-0.55) | 0.52 (0.32-0.84) |
| Multivariable analysis, HR (95% CI)b | 1 [Reference] | 0.87 (0.73-1.03) | 0.45 (0.33-0.61) | 0.62 (0.37-1.04) |
| Multivariable analysis including BMI, HR (95% CI)c | 1 [Reference] | 1.02 (0.85-1.23) | 0.59 (0.42-0.81) | 0.75 (0.42-1.33) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range.
The upper bound of total alcohol consumption was 74.2 g/d.
Adjusted for age, parity (1, 2, 3, or ≥4), age at first birth (12-24, 25-29, or ≥30 years), race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or other), family history of diabetes (yes or no), oral contraceptive use (current, former, or never), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), cigarette smoking (current, former, or never), lactation length (<1 month, 1-6 months, >6 to 12 months, >12 to 24 months, or >24 months), physical activity level (quartiles), total energy intake (quartiles), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 diet quality score with alcohol component removed (quartiles), coffee consumption (quartiles), tea consumption (quartiles).
Multivariable model additionally adjusted for BMI (continuous).