Table 2.
Muscle shear modulus of the vastus lateralis (VL) of the females and males in each age group.
| Age Group (years) | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–79 | Two-Way ANOVA p-Value (Partial η2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Age) | (Sex) | (Age X Sex) | |||||||
| Muscle shear modulus (kPa) | |||||||||
| The knee fully extended | |||||||||
| Female | 4.16 ± 0.97 | 4.31 ± 1.41 | 4.66 ± 2.27 | 4.90 ± 1.15 | 4.28 ± 0.67 | 0.413 (0.050) |
0.408 (0.009) |
0.645 (0.032) |
|
| Male | 3.92 ± 0.83 | 4.01 ± 0.46 | 3.93 ± 0.54 | 4.58 ± 1.25 | 4.80 ± 0.97 | ||||
| The knee flexed to 90° | |||||||||
| Female | 8.63 ± 1.82 | 7.40 ± 1.23 | 10.69 ± 6.12 | 8.42 ± 2.11 | 10.71 ± 6.96 | 0.128 (0.089) |
0.272 (0.016) |
0.876 (0.016) |
|
| Male | 7.93 ± 0.97 | 7.16 ± 0.83 | 9.15 ± 2.17 | 8.75 ± 2.24 | 8.81 ± 1.83 | ||||
| The knee fully flexed | |||||||||
| Female | 43.02 ± 9.44 | 41.03 ± 10.23 | 45.66 ± 16.74 | 46.26 ± 12.76 | 51.68 ± 14.77 | 0.006 (0.170) |
0.001 (0.145) |
0.497 (0.043) |
|
| Male | 56.72 ± 14.93 | 46.38 ± 10.44 | 53.60 ± 10.46 | 51.52 ± 13.67 | 70.79 ± 16.59 | ||||
The values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. There were no significant main effects or interaction effects of sex and age on the VL shear modulus in knee full extension or 90° of flexion. There were significant main effects of both age and sex, with no significant interaction effect of sex × age in knee full flexion (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05).