AIM2	Absent in melanoma 2
AMP	Antimicrobial peptide
AHR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BA	Bile acid
BSH	Bile salt hydrolase
BMI	Body mass index
BCAA	Branched-chain amino acid
CARD9	Caspase recruitment domain family member 9
CCR	CC chemokine receptor
CCL20	Chemokine ligand 20
CD	Crohn’s disease
DIO	Diet-induced obesity
DPP4	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GLP-1R	GLP-1 receptor
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP-2	Glucagon-like peptide-2
GPR	G-protein-coupled receptor
HFD	High fat diet
IPA	Indole-3-propionic acid
IDO1	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
ILC	Innate lymphoid cell
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
IEC	Intestinal epithelial cells
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAMP	Microbial-associated molecular pattern
NCR	Natural cytotoxicity receptor
NLR	NOD-like receptors
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NOD	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
PAMP	Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PRR	Pattern recognition receptor
Treg	Regulatory T cell
sIgA	Secretory immunoglobulin A
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
Tfh	T follicular helper
Th	T helper
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TAK	Transforming growth factor-activated kinase
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
T1D	Type 1 diabetes
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
UC	Ulcerative colitis
ZO-1	Zonula occluden-1