. 2021 Aug 31;18(17):9205. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179205

Table 3.

Evaluation of the intervention on dialytic parameters, health-related quality of life, and depression status based on the GEE Analysis.

Variables	Within Group		Between Group		Interaction Group (EG) × Time				Interaction ^a Group (EG) × Time
	Ref: Baseline		Ref: CG		Reference Group: (CG) × Time				Reference Group: (CG) × Time
	ß	p	ß	p	ß	95% C.I.		p	ß	95% C.I.		p-Adjusted
	ß	p	ß	p	ß	Lower	Upper	p	ß	Lower	Upper	p-Adjusted
Dialytic parameters
Serum chemistries
Red blood cell (×10^6/uL)	0.001	1.00	−0.08	0.65	−0.08	−0.58	0.42	0.76	−0.03	−0.47	0.42	0.90
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.05	0.89	−0.22	0.51	−0.27	−1.13	0.59	0.54	−0.23	−1.03	0.58	0.58
Hematocrit (%)	0.29	0.82	−0.89	0.40	−1.17	−4.27	1.92	0.46	−0.96	−3.86	1.95	0.52
Mean corpuscular volume (fL)	4.07	0.28	−1.09	0.64	−3.90	−12.6	4.83	0.38	−3.82	−11.6	3.96	0.34
Albumin (g/dL)	−0.08	0.18	0.04	0.51	0.12	−0.07	0.30	0.21	0.11	−0.07	0.29	0.21
GPT (IU/L)	−0.25	0.89	−1.53	0.29	1.25	−2.85	5.35	0.55	1.42	−2.16	5.01	0.44
GOT (IU/L)	1.22	0.44	−0.94	0.49	0.50	−3.70	4.70	0.82	0.69	−3.26	4.63	0.73
BUN (mg/dL)	4.66	0.38	−0.19	0.97	0.09	−13.9	14.1	0.99	0.93	−12.2	14.1	0.89
Cr (mg/dL)	0.41	0.42	0.88	0.09	−0.61	−2.07	0.85	0.41	−0.53	−1.75	0.69	0.40
Serum electrolytes
Na (mEq/L)	4.68	0.28	0.22	0.76	−4.74	−13.3	3.77	0.28	−4.71	−12.8	3.34	0.25
K (mEq/L)	0.10	0.65	0.20	0.26	−0.29	−0.84	0.26	0.31	−0.27	−0.80	0.25	0.31
Ca (mg/dL)	−0.29	0.21	−0.03	0.90	0.33	−0.39	1.04	0.37	0.31	−0.38	1.00	0.38
P (mg/dL)	0.13	0.69	0.34	0.28	−0.36	−1.23	0.52	0.42	−0.30	−1.14	0.54	0.49
IPTH (pg/mL)	−9.09	0.93	85.38	0.40	31.49	−220.2	283.2	0.81	3.5	−227.5	234.5	0.98
eGFR (mL/min1.73m²)	−0.31	0.37	−0.47	0.15	0.44	−0.44	1.32	0.33	0.40	−0.38	1.18	0.32
Cardiometabolic factors
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−7.06	0.28	−15.7	0.002	12.1	−3.44	27.6	0.13	−12.5	−26.5	1.37	0.08
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1.75	0.61	2.47	0.44	−5.59	−14.0	2.77	0.19	−5.80	−13.2	1.59	0.12
Resting heart rate (beat/min)	−0.66	0.79	0.19	0.93	0.47	−5.74	6.68	0.88	0.54	−5.29	6.37	0.86
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	−8.94	0.60	−20.3	0.20	7.16	−29.2	43.5	0.70	5.80	−27.2	38.8	0.73
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.86	0.92	0.11	0.99	−3.67	−26.8	19.4	0.76	−8.69	−29.4	12.0	0.41
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	6.95	0.74	12.3	0.63	−5.72	−78.4	67.0	0.88	−4.18	−70.3	61.9	0.90
Uric acid (mg/d)	−0.22	0.64	0.22	0.25	−0.54	−1.83	0.75	0.41	−0.57	−1.78	0.65	0.36
HRQL
Total mean score	−6.0	0.14	−1.3	0.76	24.2	12.4	36.0	<0.001	22.6	11.2	34.0	<0.001
Bodily pain	0.0	1.00	−5.5	0.37	16.4	0.1	32.7	0.05	12.8	−2.0	27.5	0.09
General health	−5.5	0.25	−4.1	0.36	20.0	6.9	33.1	0.003	19.2	6.3	32.1	0.004
Mental health	−3.3	0.38	−6.9	0.09	19.3	8.1	30.4	0.001	17.7	7.5	27.8	0.001
Physical function	−1.1	0.82	−2.5	0.61	16.9	4.0	29.7	0.01	14.5	2.1	27.0	0.02
Role-emotional	−18.8	0.07	14.6	0.13	31.3	5.3	57.2	0.02	28.9	2.1	55.8	0.04
Role-physical	−18.0	0.08	−3.1	0.76	57.0	30.8	83.3	<0.001	63.7	36.3	91.1	<0.001
Social functioning	−1.6	0.78	−0.4	0.95	18.4	2.7	34.0	0.02	13.9	−1.4	29.1	0.08
Vitality	0.5	0.92	−2.3	0.63	14.5	1.1	28.0	0.04	10.2	−3.4	23.7	0.14
Depression status	1.3	0.57	1.6	0.51	−9.1	−15.1	−3.1	0.003	−7.5	−13.8	−1.3	0.02

Note: EG, experimental group: exercise training; CG, control group: received routine usual care; ß: Regression coefficient; Analyses were performed by GEE models, with a Group × Time interaction term characterizing the intervention effect of interest; p-adjusted, ^a models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, educational level, marital status, current employment, body mass index, duration of hemodialysis), comorbidities (hypertension, type 2 disease, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome) and lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking).