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. 2021 Aug 31;22(17):9501. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179501

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differentiation of ICOS⁻-RTE-Tregs and resting ICOS⁻-MN-Tregs with age in healthy controls, SLE patients in remission and SLE patients with active disease. The percentages of RTE-Tregs and MN-Tregs within the naïve ICOS⁻-CD45RA⁺-Treg pool (A,B) as well as the percentages of MN-Tregs and CD31⁻-memory Tregs within the ICOS⁻-CD31⁻- Treg pool (H,I) were estimated depending on age, in healthy volunteers (Black coloured), SLE patients in remission (Green coloured) and SLE patients with active disease (Red coloured). In order to examine the differentiation of ICOS⁻-RTE-Tregs, the percentage of RTE-Tregs within total naïve CD45RA⁺-Tregs was correlated with the percentage of Ki67⁺ cells within total RTE-Tregs (C), CD31⁺-memory-Tregs (D), MN-Tregs (E) and CD31⁻-memory-Tregs (F). In order to examine the differentiation of resting MN-Tregs, the percentage of MN-Tregs within total CD31⁻-Tregs was correlated with the percentage of Ki67⁺ cells within total MN-Tregs (J) and within total CD31⁻-memory-Tregs (K). Significant linear regression analyses are marked by black, green, or red P-values. Significant differences in the regression lines between healthy controls and SLE patients in remission or active disease are marked by green or red ∆ p values. Age-independent significant differences between healthy volunteers and study groups are marked by an arrow (↑↓) and their color-matched P-values. The arrow diagrams (G) schematize an increased (thick arrow), consistent (thin arrow) or decreased (dashed arrow) differentiation, color matched for the different patient groups. The resulting age-dependent and age-independent changes in the percentage of ICOS⁻-Tregs within total CD4⁺-T-helper cells are given in (L). Further information of the calculated P-values is illustrated in Table S1.