Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of SLE patients and healthy controls.
| Healthy Controls | SLE Remission Patients | Active SLE Patients | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 115 | n = 96 | n = 20 | |
| Female Sex, n (%) | 92 (80%) | 77 (80%) | 16 (80%) |
| Age (years) | 46 (21–82) | 51 (20–78) | 31 (18–76) |
| Time since initial diagnosis (months) | 192 (2–563) | 19 (0–328) | |
| Renal involvement, n (%) | 73 (79 %) | 16 (80%) | |
| SLEDAI | 0 (0–10) | 13 (6–24) | |
| ANA titer ≥ 1:1280, n (%) | 37 (40%) | 10 (50%) | |
| DsDNA antibodies ELISA (IU/mL) | 20 (3–1051) | 134 (26–708) | |
| C3 complement (g/L) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 0.7 (0.2–1.0) | |
| Erythrocyturia (× μL−1) | 2 (0–1038) | 34 (1–1027) | |
| Leukocyturia (× μL−1) | 3 (0–634) | 38 (0–224) | |
| Serum leucocytes (× nL−1) | 6 (3–13) | 4 (3–16) | |
| Serum creatinine (mg dL−1) | 0.8 (0.5–5.3) | 0.8 (0.5–5.3) | |
| CKD-EPI GFR (mL min−1 (1.73 m2)−1) | 96 (11–140) | 101 (10–138) | |
| Urine-Protein/Urine-creatinine Ratio (g (mol creatinine)−1) | 11 (4–468) | 165 (6–727) | |
| Medication | |||
| No Medication, n (%) | 8 (8%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Antimalarials, n (%) | 72 (75%) | 15 (75%) | |
| Mycophenolic acid (MPA), n (%) | 41 (43%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Azathioprine (AZA), n (%) | 18 (19%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 41 (43%) | 14 (70%) | |
| Glucocorticoid dose (mg d−1) | 2.5 (0–4) | 4 (0–40) |
Abbreviations: ANA, antinuclear antibodies; CKD-EPI GFR, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; MDRD GFR, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; SLEDAI, SLE disease activity index; n, number. The data is presented as median (range) or number (percent).