Figure 2.

Schematic representation showing the effect of Uro A in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of PDAC. (A) Ptf1a^Cre/+; LSL-Kras^G12D/+; Tgfbr2^flox/flox (PKT) GEMM showing sustained pancreatic tumor growth, presence of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), lack of CD3+T cells, and activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis within the microenvironment of a highly aggressive Ptf1a^Cre/+; LSL-Kras^G12D/+; Tgfbr2^flox/flox (PKT) genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of PDAC. (B) Treatment with Urolithin A (Uro A) intercedes its anti-tumor effects by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR kinase pathways to overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby reducing TAMs and increases CD3+T cells. PKT mice treated with Uro A displayed reduced tumor growth and marked improvement in overall survival compared to vehicle-treated mice. Figure adapted from Totiger et al. [15] The image was created with BioRender.com (Agreement number ZS22VAMSID, accessed on 23 August 2021).