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. 2021 Aug 28;22(17):9341. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179341

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Principle of electrostatic flocking and scaffold production for chondrogenic tissue engineering. In an electrical field, 2 mm short wet spun chitosan fibers, at the beginning located on the bottom electrode, are shot vertically into a highly viscous chitosan layer covering the top electrode, which acts simultaneously as adhesive and substrate for the fibers. After drying, neutralization, and sterilization, the flock scaffold is seeded with chondrocytes in an alginate sol. The cells are immobilized after crosslinking in the combined alginate hydrogel/chitosan flock scaffold. After differentiation of the embedded cells, the scaffold is placed in a cartilage defect.