Table 3.
Factors related to high affiliate stigma in caregivers of children with ADHD: Multivariate logistic regression.
| Variable | High Affiliate Stigma | |
|---|---|---|
| Model I OR (95% CI) |
Model II OR (95% CI) |
|
| Male caregivers a | 0.577 (0.325–1.023) | 0.665 (0.376–1.178) |
| Caregivers’ high depressive symptoms b | 2.172 (1.367–3.451) *** | 2.093 (1.328–3.301) ** |
| Children’s high internalizing problems c | 0.512 (0.321–0.818) ** | 1.498 (0.929–2.418) |
| Children’s high externalizing problems c | 1.585 (0.994–2.527) | 1.308 (0.775–2.210) |
| Children’s high ADHD symptoms c | 1.060 (0.670–1.676) | 1.178 (0.716–1.938) |
| High problem-focused coping d | 0.866 (0.530–1.413) | |
| High seeking social support d | 0.505 (0.309–0.825) ** | |
| High changing cognition d | 0.659 (0.404–1.074) | |
| High less effective coping d | 1.369 (0.866–2.165) | |
| High care/affection e | 0.471 (0.297–0.748) ** | |
| High overprotection e | 1.678 (1.062–2.651) * | |
| High authoritarianism e | 1.004 (0.639–1.578) | |
ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity. a Female as the reference; b low depressive symptoms as the reference; c low symptoms as the reference; d low orientation of coping as the reference; e low adoption of child-rearing style as the reference. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001.