Table 1.

Oxidative stress in plants under salinity.

Plant Species	Level(s) of Salt Stress	Oxidative Damage	References
T. aestivum cv. Pradip	150 and 300 mM NaCl; 4 d	Lipid peroxidation increased by 60%. H2O2 level increased by 73%.	[99]
B. napus cv. BINA Sharisha 3	100 and 200 mM NaCl; 2 d	MDA increased by 69 and 129%. H2O2 incremented by 76 and 90%.	[100]
O. sativa cvs. MI-48, IR-28 (salt-sensitive)	100 mM saline solution (mixture of NaCl, MgCl2, MgSO4 and CaCl2 salts); 35 d	H2O2 and O2•− generation increased by 2-fold.	[101]
S. lycopersicum cv. Chibli F1	120 mM NaCl; 8 d	Lipid peroxidation elevated by 35 (leaves) and 37% (roots).	[102]
O. sativa cv. KDML105	60, 120 and 160 mM NaCl; 3 d	H2O2 increased in a dose-dependent manner.	[103]
G. max cv. PK9305	100 mM NaCl; 7 d	Increment in MDA found in both leaves and roots. Higher activity of LOX in roots.	[104]
Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Nebraska	2.5 and 5.0 dS m−1 (NaCl/CaCl2/MgSO4 = 2:2:1); 40 d	MDA and H2O2 increased with increasing saline concentrations. EL increased, but reduced membrane stability index (MSI).	[105]
B. juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan	100 mM NaCl; 30 d	Higher accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS).	[106]
S. tuberosum cv. Hui 2	50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl; 31 d	Elevation in MDA by 164%.	[107]
O. sativa cv. BRRI dhan47	200 mM NaCl; 3 d	H2O2 increased by 82%. Higher production of MDA. The activity of LOX increased by 78%.	[70]
P. vulgaris cvs. Tema (high-yielding) and Djadida (low-yielding)	50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl; 7 d	Increase in MDA by 44 (cv. Tema) and 56% (cv. Djadida).	[108]
O. sativa cv. BRRI dhan47	150 mM NaCl; 3, 6 d	MDA increased by 80 (3 d) and 203% (6 d). Increment in H2O2 found, by 74 (3 d) and 92% (6 d). Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity increased by 69 (3 d) and 95% (6 d).	[69]
V. radiata cv. BARI Mung-2	200 mM NaCl; 2 d	Upregulation of MDA and H2O2. The activity of LOX also increased.	[67]
Pisum sativum cv. Shubhra IM-9101	100 and 400 mM NaCl; 7 d	Increment in O2•− by 171–407%. H2O2 increased by 191–249%.	[109]
T. aestivum cvs. Kharchia local (salt-tolerant) and HD2329 (salt-sensitive)	10 dS m−1 NaCl; 7 d	EL increased more in cv. HD2329 (by 2.6- and 1.5-fold in the roots and shoots) than Kharchia local (by 1.9- and 1.4-fold in the roots and shoots). Higher accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in sensitive cultivar.	[110]
B. juncea cvs. CS-52 (salt-tolerant) and RH-8113 (salt-sensitive)	50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl; 21 d	MDA generated more in RH-8113 (138%) than CS-52 (126%). H2O2 increased in dose-dependent manner in sensitive cultivar, but at 150 mM NaCl, it increased by 33% in CS-52.	[111]
Cicer arietinum cvs. Flip 97-43c (tolerant), ICC 4958 (tolerant), Flip 97-97c (susceptible) and Flip 97-196c (susceptible)	100 mM NaCl; 3, 7 and 12 d	Accumulation of MDA began to increase after 12 d by 224% in T1 genotype. In S2 genotype, 2.21-, 8.20- and 10.15-fold upregulation of MDA content was found at 3, 7 and 12 d, respectively.	[112]
S. lycopersicum cv. Hezuo 903	150 mM NaCl; 10 d	Elevation in lipid peroxidation by 2.6-fold. H2O2 increased by 2.5-fold.	[113]
B. napus cv. BINA Sharisha 3	100 and 200 mM NaCl; 2 d	Gradual increase in MDA by 60–129% in a dose-dependent manner. Production of H2O2 elevated by 63–98%.	[114]
S. lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby	150 mM NaCl; 5 d	Elevation in H2O2 and MDA. Increased LOX activity.	[115]
Zea mays cvs. BARI hybrid Maize-7 and BARI hybrid Maize-9	150 mM NaCl; 15 d	O2•− and H2O2 increased by 130 and 99%. Higher production of MDA by 109%. LOX activity enhanced by 133%.	[116]
Luffa acutangula cv. Pusa Sneha	100 mM NaCl, 10 d	Increase in H2O2, O2•−, EL, MDA and LOX activity by 140, 145, 251, 358 and 157%, respectively.	[117]
Gossypium hirsutum	150 mM NaCl; 3, 6, 9 and 12 d	Increased H2O2 by 58% (3 d), 34% (6 d), 45% (9 d) and 37% (12 d). O2•− incremented by 47% (3 d), 25% (6 d), 37% (9 d) and 32% (12 d). MDA augmented by 25% (3 d), 27% (6 d), 36% (9 d) and 41% (12 d).	[118]
T. aestivum	100 mM NaCl; 1 d	1.5- and 1.2-fold upregulation of EL and MDA.	[119]
T. aestivum cv. Norin 61	250 mM NaCl; 5 d	Increase in MDA and H2O2 by 62 and 35%. EL increased by 130%.	[120]
G. max cv. Giza 111	75 and 150 mM NaCl; 56 d	Level of MDA increased by 47 and 75%. H2O2 augmented by 42 and 50%.	[121]
Lactuca sativa cv. SUSANA	4 dS m−1 (low) and 8 dS m−1 (high) NaCl; 60 d	MDA increased by 44% under low level of NaCl, while increased under high NaCl (70 and 87%) in both seasons. H2O2 augmented by 183 (high) and 166% (low) in both seasons. O2•− increases more at high dose (208 and 262%) in both seasons.	[122]
L. culinaris cv. BARI Masur-7	110 mM NaCl; 2 d	Content of MDA and H2O2 increased by 164 and 229%.	[123]