Table 3.

Effects of overexpressed antioxidant genes under salinity in different crops.

Transgenic Plants	Gene Source	Overexpressed Genes	Salt Stress and Duration	Regulatory Roles	References
Nicotiana tabacum	A. thaliana	AtMDAR1	300 mM NaCl; 6 d	Improved Pn. Decreased H2O2 content.	[193]
G. hirsutum	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	GhSOD1, GhCAT1	200 mM NaCl; 2d	Upregulated SOD, CAT and APX activities. Increased oxidative stress tolerance.	[194]
A. thaliana	Tamarix hispida	ThGSTZ1	75, 100 and 125 mM NaCl; 12 d	Upregulated GST, GPX, SOD and POD activities. Reduced EL and MDA content.	[195]
Arachis hypogaea	A. tumefaciens	SbpAPX	50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl; 21 d	Increased chl content. Improved RWC. Increased plant biomass. Reduced EL.	[196]
N. tabacum	A. hypogaea	AhCuZnSOD	100 mM NaCl; 15 d	Increased RWC. Reduced MDA by 1.5-fold. Decreased H2O2 by 2-fold. Upregulated CAT, GR, APX and SOD activities.	[197]
A. thaliana	Puccinellia tenuiflora	PutAPX	125, 150 and 175 mM NaCl; 3 d	Improved total chl content. Increased RWC. Reduced MDA content. Upregulated APX activity.	[191]
Ipomoea batatas	A. tumefaciens	CuZnSOD, APX	100 mM NaCl; 14 d	Pro content increased by 2.7-fold. SOD and APX activities increased by 3.4- and 4.2-fold.	[198]
S. tuberosum	Potentilla atrosanguinea, Rheum australe	PaSOD, RaAPX	50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl; 15 d	Improved total chl content. Increased RWC. Upregulated SOD and APX activities.	[192]
N. tabacum	S. lycopersicum	SlMDHAR	200 mM NaCl; 5 d	Reduced MDA and H2O2. Reduced Na+ content.	[199]
B. juncea	A. tumefaciens	AtApx1	200 mM NaCl; 10 d	Increased chl and carotenoid content. Improved Pro content. Decreased MDA and H2O2 content. Increased APX and CAT activities.	[200]