Table 2.

Exosome cargo loading for cancer therapy.

Cargo		Origin of Exosomes	Target Cancer Type	Loading Method	Administration Route	Outcome	References
Doxorubicin		Monocyte	Colon carcinoma	Incubation	I.V.	Suppression of tumor growth	[94]
		Breast cancer cell Ovarian cancer cell	Breast cancer Ovarian cancer	Electroporation	I.P.	Suppression of tumor growth Reducing toxicity of drug	[96]
		MSC	Osteosarcoma myocardial	Incubation	N/A	Reducing toxicity of drug Enhanced the cellular uptake rate	[97]
Paclitaxel		MSC	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Incubation	N/A	Improved anticancer effect	[102]
		Prostate cancer cell	Prostate cancer	Incubation	N/A	Overcame drug resistance Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells	[103]
		Macrophage	Pulmonary metastasis	Incubation Electroporation Sonication	I.N.	Overcame MDR in cancer cells Enhanced the cellular uptake rate	[104]
		Bovine milk	Lung cancer	Incubation	P.O.	Suppression of tumor growth Lower systemic toxicity	[80]
		Brain cancer cell	Glioblastoma-astrocytoma cancer	Incubation Sonication	N/A	Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells Passed through the BBB	[98,105]
Nucleic acid	miRNA-122	AMSC	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Transfection	I.T.	Improved the chemosensitivity Improved anticancer effect	[106]
	miRNA-21	HEK293T cell	Brain tumor	Electroporation	I.V.	Suppression of tumor growth Passed through the BBB	[107]
	siRNA	Breast cancer cell	Breast adenocarcinoma	Electroporation	I.V.	Suppression of tumor growth Improved effect of tumor targeting	[108]
		Breast cancer cell	Breast cancer Lung metastasis	Incubation	I.V.	Enhanced the cellular uptake rate Reduced migration and metastasis of cancer cells	[109]
	Circular RNA	Hepatocellular cancer cell	Hepatocellular cancer	Pre-overexpression	I.T.	Suppression of tumor growth Promoted tumor cell apoptosis	[110]
	mRNA	Red blood cell	Breast cancer Leukemia	Electroporation	I.T.	Suppression of tumor growth Reduced drug cytotoxicity	[43]
Protein	Surviving-T34A	Melanoma cell	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Transfection	N/A	Induced apoptosis in adenocarcinoma cells Enhanced drug sensitivity	[111]
	TRP2	Serum	Any type of cancer	Saponin/electroporation	S.C.	Accumulation in lymph nodes for immunotherapy	[112]
	SIRPα	HEK293T cell	Colon carcinoma	Transfection	I.V.	Enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells Suppression of tumor growth	[113]
	hMUC1	Colon cancer cell Breast cancer cell	Colon carcinoma	Transfection	I.D.	Proliferation and activation of immune cells Suppression of tumor growth	[114]