| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| MSTN | Myostatin |
| BAT | Brown adipose tissue |
| WAT | White adipose tissue |
| FST | Follistatin |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| PGC1α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator |
| FNDC5 | Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 |
| FGF-21 | Fibroblast growth factor 21 |
| UCP-1 | Uncoupling protein 1 |
| GDF-15 | Growth differentiation factor-15 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| Pax3 | Paired box 3 |
| Pax7 | Paired box 7 |
| bHLH | Helix–loop–helix |
| MRF | Myogenic regulatory factors |
| MyoD | Myoblast determination protein 1 |
| Myog | Myogenin |
| Myf5 | Myogenic factor 5 |
| MEF2 | Myocyte enhancer factor 2 |
| MyHC | Myosin heavy chain |
| GLUT-4 | Glucose transporter 4 |
| IR | Insulin receptor |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor-1 |
| IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| iPSCs | Induced pluripotent stem cells |
| LPL | Lipoprotein lipase |
| FFA | Free fatty acid |