Figure 2.

Luteolin reversed the activation of stress kinases and glial cells-mediated neuroinflammation, i.e., p-JNK/p-38/GFAP/Iba-1 in Aβ₁–₄₂-treated mice brains. (a) Western blots results of p-JNK/p-38/GFAP/Iba-1 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the experimental mice brains. β-Actin was used as a loading control. (b,c) Immunofluorescent co-localization of p-JNK/Iba-1 in the frontal cortex and DG region of the hippocampus in the experimental mice. Magnifications10×. Scale bar 50 μm. confocal image analysis was done using ImageJ software. Values are the means ± SEM from three independent experiments. For the statistical analysis, Graph Pad Prism 5 was used, and one-way ANOVA and posthoc multiple comparison tests were employed. * p < 0.05 represents control versus Aβ-treated mice, # p < 0.05 represents Aβ + Luteolin-treated mice.