Table 2.
Results for the primary outcome measures.
| T1 | T2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | M (Median) |
SD (Range) |
M (Median) |
SD (Range) |
Delta [95% CI] |
d [95% CI] |
RM-ANOVA F(df), p |
| Dyspnea | |||||||
| NRS “How intense is your dyspnea at rest?” (☺ 0–10 ☹) | |||||||
| All patients N = 82 |
1.70 (1.00) |
1.82 (0.00–8.00) |
1.02 (0.00) |
1.49 (0.00–7.00) |
−0.67 [−1.03; −0.32] |
−0.41 [−0.64; −0.19] |
FT = 13.3(1), p < 0.001 FG = 2.4(2), p = 0.100 FG*T = 0.24(2), p = 0.788 |
| A N = 43 |
1.44 (1.00) |
1.68 (0.00–8.00) |
0.84 (0.00) |
1.34 (0.00–7.00) |
−0.60 [−1.06; −0.15] |
− 0.41 [−0.72; −0.10] |
|
| B N = 24 |
1.63 (1.00) |
1.41 (0.00–5.00) |
1.00 (1.00) |
1.10 (0.00–3.00) |
−0.63 [−1.22; −0.03] |
−0.49 [−0.86; −0.02] |
|
| C N = 15 |
2.53 (2.00) |
2.53 (0.00–7.00) |
1.60 (0.50) |
2.23 (0.00–7.00) |
−0.93 [−2.21; −0.35] |
−0.39 [−0.92; 0.13] |
|
| NRS “How intense is your dyspnea on exertion?” (☺ 0–10 ☹) | |||||||
| All patients N = 82 |
5.56 (6.00) |
2.50 (0.00–10.00) |
3.41 (3.00) |
2.73 (0.00–10.00) |
−2.15 [−2.73; −1.57] |
−0.82 [−1.01; −0.56] |
FT = 39.0(1), p < 0.001 FG = 0.25(2), p = 0.774 FG*T = 65(2), p = 0.524 |
| A N = 43 |
5.60 (5.50) |
2.56 (0.00–10.00) |
3.23 (2.00) |
2.58 (0.00–10.00) |
−2.37 [−3.16; −1.58] |
−0.92 [−1.28; −0.56] |
|
| B N = 24 |
5.46 (6.00) |
2.47 (1.00–9.00) |
3.29 (2.00) |
2.66 (0.00–8.00) |
−2.17 [−3.37; −0.96] |
−0.85 [−1.21; −0.30] |
|
| C N = 15 |
5.60 (6.00) |
2.53 (0.00–9.00) |
4.13 (4.00) |
3.29 (0.00–10.00) |
−1.47 [−2.87; −0.06] |
−0.58 [−1.12; −0.02] |
|
| mMRC (☺ 0–4 ☹) | |||||||
| All patients N = 90 |
2.26 (2.00) |
1.19 (0.00 – 4.00) |
1.51 (2.00) |
1.12 (0.00–4.00) |
−0.74 [−0.99; −0.50] |
−0.64 [−0.87; −0.42] |
FT = 25.1(1), p < 0.001 FG = 1.81(2), p = 0.168 FG*T = 1.14(2), p = 0.323 |
| A N = 48 |
2.52 (2.00) |
1.29 (0.00–4.00) |
1.60 (2.00) |
1.09 (0.00–4.00) |
−0.92 [−1.27; −0.57] |
−0.76 [−1.08; −0.44] |
|
| B N = 26 |
1.88 (2.00) |
0.82 (0.00–4.00) |
1.35 (2.00) |
1.23 (0.00–4.00) |
−0.53 [−1.04; −0.04] |
−0.43 [−0.83; −0.03] |
|
| C N = 16 |
2.06 (2.00) |
1.24 (0.00–4.00) |
1.50 (1.50) |
1.10 (0.00–4.00) |
−0.56 [−1.00; −0.13] |
−0.69 [−1.23; −0.12] |
|
Notes: T1: start of rehabilitation; T2: end of rehabilitation; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; Delta: difference MT2−MT1; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; d: Cohen’s d; RM-ANOVA: repeated-measures analysis of variance; FT: F-value for factor “Time” (T1 versus T2); FG: F value for factor “Group” (A versus B versus C); FG*T: F value for interaction of “Time” and “Group”; NRS: Numeric Rating Scale; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council.