Table 1.

International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale and its classification for the automated retinal image analysis system [32].

ARIAa system classification	DRb severity scale	Ophthalmoscopy findings
Nonreferable	No apparent retinopathy (no DR)	No abnormalities
	Mild nonproliferative DR (mild DR)	Microaneurysms only
Referable	Moderate nonproliferative DR (moderate DR)	More than just microaneurysms but less than severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
	Severe nonproliferative DR (severe DR)	≥20 intraretinal hemorrhages in each of 4 quadrants, definite venous beading in 2 quadrants, or prominent intraretinal microvascular abnormalities in 1 quadrant. No signs of proliferative retinopathy.
	Proliferative DR	Neovascularization or vitreous/preretinal hemorrhage.

^aARIA: automated retinal image analysis.

^bDR: diabetic retinopathy.