Table 2.
Sociodemographic, maternal and children under five years of age characteristics, according to the village of residence. Yanomami Indigenous Territory, Brazilian Amazon, 2018–2019.
| Villages of Residence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariabú | Auaris | Maturacá | p-Value * | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||
| Read or write in Portuguese | <0.001 | |||
| No | 11 (10.7%) | 35 (44.9%) | 16 (14.0%) | |
| Yes | 92 (89.3%) | 43 (55.1%) | 98 (86.0%) | |
| Source of Income | <0.001 | |||
| Federal | 12 (11.4%) | 18 (23.1%) | 11 (9.3%) | |
| Municipal/Statal | 24 (22.9%) | 4 (5.1%) | 25 (21.2%) | |
| Other | 8 (7.6%) | 5 (6.4%) | 26 (22.0%) | |
| No income | 61 (58.1%) | 51 (65.4%) | 56 (47.5%) | |
| Drinking water source | <0.001 | |||
| River or stream | 82 (78.1%) | 55 (70.5%) | 17 (14.4%) | |
| Well | 23 (21.9%) | 23 (29.5%) | 101 (86.6%) | |
| Household waste destination | <0.001 | |||
| Burnt or buried | 38 (36.2%) | 6 (7.6%) | 90 (76.9%) | |
| Forest or river | 67 (63.8%) | 73 (92.4%) | 27 (23.1%) | |
| Household wall type | <0.001 | |||
| Wood/brick | 40 (38.1%) | 7 (9.0%) | 46 (49.5%) | |
| Clay | 52 (49.5%) | 58 (74.4%) | 61 (35.7%) | |
| Straw/no wall | 13 (12.4%) | 13 (16.6%) | 09 (25.7%) | |
| Household density (number of people) | 0.035 | |||
| 1 to 6 | 32 (30.5%) | 18 (23.7%) | 40 (33.9%) | |
| 7 to 9 | 27 (25.7%) | 27 (35.5%) | 47 (39.8%) | |
| 10 or more | 46 (43.8%) | 31 (40.8%) | 31 (26.3%) | |
| Maternal and perinatal variables | ||||
| Age group (years) | 0.118 | |||
| 13.0 to 24.9 | 42 (40.0%) | 20 (27.7%) | 49 (41.5%) | |
| 25.0 or more | 63 (60.0%) | 53 (72.6%) | 69 (58.5%) | |
| Short maternal stature | 0.002 | |||
| No | 35 (35.0%) | 9 (12.3%) | 37 (32.2%) | |
| Yes | 65 (65.0%) | 64 (87.7%) | 78 (67.8%) | |
| Number of antenatal consultations | <0.001 | |||
| 0 to 3 | 19 (21.1%) | 31 (52.5%) | 22 (20.2%) | |
| 4 to 6 | 50 (55.6%) | 27 (45.8%) | 71 (65.1%) | |
| 7 to 9 | 21 (23.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 16 (14.7%) | |
| Gestational malaria | 0.205 | |||
| No | 89 (84.8%) | 68 (93.2%) | 100 (85.5%) | |
| Yes | 16 (15.2%) | 5 (6.8%) | 17 (14.5%) | |
| Place of birth | <0.001 | |||
| Household/Forest | 57 (53.8%) | 71 (91.0%) | 68 (59.6%) | |
| Primary Healthcare Center (villages) | 27 (25.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | 23 (20.2%) | |
| Hospital/CASAI 1 | 22 (20.8%) | 5 (6.4%) | 23 (20.2%) | |
| Child’s variables | ||||
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 69 (65.7%) | 26 (32.9%) | 81 (68.6%) | |
| Male | 36 (34.3%) | 53 (67.1%) | 37 (31.4%) | |
| Age group (months) | 0.534 | |||
| ≤23 | 46 (43.4%) | 29 (36.2%) | 44 (37.3%) | |
| 24 to 59 | 60 (56.6%) | 51 (63.8%) | 74 (62.7%) | |
| Child’s caregiver | <0.001 | |||
| Mother or father | 80 (75.5%) | 40 (50.6%) | 101 (87.8%) | |
| Another family member | 26 (24.5%) | 39 (49.4%) | 14 (12.2%) | |
| Low weight at birth | 0.977 | |||
| No | 93 (89.4%) | 61 (88.4%) | 103 (88.8%) | |
| Yes | 11 (10.6%) | 8 (11.6%) | 13 (11.2%) | |
| Pneumonia treatment | 0.069 | |||
| No | 70 (66.7%) | 39 (50.0%) | 66 (56.9%) | |
| Yes | 35 (33.3%) | 39 (50.0%) | 50 (43.1%) | |
| Undernutrition treatment | 0.127 | |||
| No | 93 (87.7%) | 60 (76.9%) | 94 (79.7%) | |
| Yes | 13 (12.3%) | 18 (23.1%) | 24 (20.3%) | |
| Malaria treatment | 0.239 | |||
| No | 97 (91.5%) | 67 (84.8%) | 108 (91.5%) | |
| Yes | 9 (8.5%) | 12 (15.2%) | 10 (8.5%) | |
| Stunting prevalence | 0.118 | |||
| No | 25 (23.8%) | 9 (11.7%) | 22 (19.0%) | |
| Yes | 80 (76.2%) | 68 (88.3%) | 94 (81.0%) | |
n = number of cases observed in each variable, according to the village of residence; * p-value refers to Pearson’s chi-square test; 1 CASAI (Casa de Saúde do Índio): Unit of support to the indigenous people who live in villages during healthcare attendance in urban centers.