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IL-21 modulates B cell function. Tfh cell activates B cell differentiation with CD40L, IL-21, IL-4 and IL-27. IL-21 promotes class switch recombination to IgG1 and IgG3 and suppresses that to IgE. IL-21 enhances somatic hypermutation and production of high-affinity antibodies by plasma cells, whereas IL-21 induces apoptosis of bystander B cells activated without antigen receptor stimulation.
