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. 2021 Aug 26;22(17):9216. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179216

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

Schematic representation of AuNP@CS and AuNP@PLA for siRNA delivery. The NPs are taken up by the cells via endocytosis and are present inside endosomes. Endosomal escape happens through the proton sponge effect in the case of CS, or through membrane pore formation in the case of PLA [88]. NPs routed toward the lysosomal compartment with CAD-induced transient lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) can diffuse from the lysosomal lumen into the cytosol.