Figure 2.

CWDEs are involved in host plant colonization. (A) Confocal scanning microscopy of Arabidopsis thaliana roots infected with the soil-borne pathogen, Verticillium longisporum, expressing the green fluorescent protein. To avoid recognition and successfully colonize its host, V. longisporum produces small secreted proteins as well as a repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes to degrade plant material [34]. Photo by Dr. Panagiotis Moschou (https://pmoschoulab.wordpress.com/home/, accessed on 10 March 2021). Used with permission. (B) Schematic representation of the role of CWDEs in the establishment of a successful infection. Fungi secrete CDWEs in order to facilitate the penetration of pathogenicity factors to the plant cytoplasm. The figure was created by BioRender software.