Table 2.
Changes in mental distress and cognitive and behavioral strategies over time.
| 24 March 2020 | 26 May 2020 | 9 March 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1114 | 925 | 994 | ||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | p | η2 | |
| Mental distress | 1.79 | 0.60 | 1.78 | 0.58 | 1.88 | 0.60 | 9.37 | <0.001 | 0.006 |
| Resilience | 3.47 | 0.60 | 3.42 | 0.84 | 3.35 | 0.81 | 4.75 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| SARS-CoV-2-specific reappraisal | 5.18 | 1.16 | 5.09 | 1.19 | 4.88 | 1.27 | 17.21 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
| Maintaining a daily structure | 5.11 | 1.44 | 4.95 | 1.44 | 4.60 | 1.50 | 32.12 | <0.001 | 0.021 |
| Social interaction | 4.42 | 1.28 | 4.16 | 1.34 | 4.07 | 1.36 | 20.64 | <0.001 | 0.013 |
| Frequency of information intake | 5.44 | 1.43 | 4.81 | 1.54 | 5.18 | 1.49 | 46.58 | <0.001 | 0.030 |
Note. Mental distress was measured on a four-point Likert scale. Resilience was measured on a five-point Likert scale. All other variables were measured on a seven-point Likert scale. Due to the heterogeneity of variances between samples, differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific reappraisal were calculated via the Welch F-test. We applied an α level of 0.005. Effect sizes η2: small > 0.01, medium > 0.06, large > 0.14.