Table 3.
Effects of various NPs on the mechanobiological properties (stiffness) of cells.
| Author | Cell Type | Nanoparticles | Parameter | Techniques | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buyukhatipoglu et al., 2010 [170] | PAEC (endothelial cells) | Iron oxide | Young’s modulus | AFM | The stiffness is increased |
| Yangzhe Wu et al., 2012 [161] | HAEC (endothelial cells) | Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) | Young’s modulus | AFM | Young’s modulus is reduced depending on the doses |
| Jinag Pi et al., 2012 [163] | MCF-7 (breast cancer) | Selenium NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | The Young’s modulus is reduced. Adhesion is reduced |
| Subbiah et al., 2013 [160] | A549 (lung cancer), NIH3T3 (fibroblasts) HS-5, (fibroblasts) | Hybrid NPs (Silver NPs and single-walled carbon nanotube) | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is increased |
| Ogneva et al., 2014 [148] | mesenchymal stem cells | Silica-based NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is increased |
| Rasel et al., 2015 [157] | osteoblast cells | Boron nitride nanoparticle (BN NP) | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is increased |
| Anna Pietuch et la. 2015 [171] | MDCK II cells (kidney) | Gold nanorods and spherical NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness varies depending on the Au concentration |
| Babhosseini et al., 2015 [173] | MDA-MB-231(breast cancer) | SphKIs with NPs | Deformability-related parameters (passage time and velocity) | Microfluidic (Constriction channel) | Cells became softer (reduced stiffness) |
| Ali et al., 2017 [172] | HEY A8 (ovarian cancer) | Gold nanorods | Young’s modulus of nucleus | AFM | Stiffness is increased and NPs inhibited metastasis |
| Qin et al., 2018 [151] | MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), MCF7(breast cancer) | Fullerenol NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is decreased |
| Kashani et al., 2019 [174] | A549 (lung cancer) | Gold nanospheres/nanostars | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is decreased |
| Rasel et al., 2019 [175] | osteoblast cells | Boron nitride NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is increased |
| Pastrana et al., 2019 [176] | NIH3T3 (fibroblasts) | Multiwall Carbon NPs | Young’s modulus | AFM | Stiffness is decreased |
| Wilhelm et al., 2021 [177] | F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells | Magnetic NPs (Iron oxide NPs) | Young’s modulus | Parallel plate rheometer | Stiffness is increased |