| AA | L-Ascorbic acid |
| Ampliflu™ Red reagent | 10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| COSY | Correlation spectroscopy |
| CySH | Cysteine |
| DBBQ | 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium |
| DQF | Double quantum filtered |
| DTNB | 5.5′-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| EQ | Equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman) |
| ESI | Electrospray ionization |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| GSSG | Oxidized glutathione |
| HMBC | Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| HSQC | Heteronuclear single quantum correlation |
| NAC | N-Acetyl-L-cysteine |
| NEM | N-Ethylmaleimide |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| TOF MS | Time of flight mass spectrometry |
| TRP-1 | Tyrosinase-related protein-1 |
| TRP-2 | Tyrosinase-related protein-2 |
| UV | Ultraviolet |