Table 1.

Major hazards for human health of compounds and EOs. Molecules with herbicidal activities are underlined.

Hazard	Compounds (Oral LD50 for Rodents, mg/kg)	EOs	References
Cytotoxicity	Eugenol (2680), isoeugenol, safrole methyleugenol (1179), estragole, 1,8-cineole (3849)	Laurus nobilis Melaleuca leucadendron Sassafras albidum Ocotea pretiosa Ocimum basilicum Artemisia dracunculus Fusanus spicatus	[35,38]
Mutagenicity	menthone, anethol (2090), asarone, trans-anethole oxide, trans-asarone oxide, terpineol (4300), cinnamaldehyde (2220), carvacrol, thymol (1800) and carvone (1640)	Mentha Arvensis Pelargonium Pimpinella anisul Acorus Cinnamomum Thymbra capitata Thymus Vulgaris Carum carvi	[42]
Carcinogenicity	Pulegone, safrole, methyleugenol, limonene (4600) and estragole	Salvia sclarea Melaleuca quinquenervia	[35,43]
Allergenic effect	Limonene (4600), linalool (>1000), estragole, phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl octinoate, citronellol, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, neral, geranial, α-isomethyl ionone, methyl eugenol (1179), hydroxy citronellal, α-ionone, eugenol (2680), cinnamaldehyde (2220), vanillin, coumarin, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate	Malaleuca alternifolia Cananga odorata Lavandula Mentha x piperita Pelargonium Rosa damascena Pistacia terebinthus Santalum album	[44,45]
Phototoxicity		Citrus aurantium dulcis Cymbopogon citratus	[46]
Reproductive toxicity	Anethole (2090), apiole, citral (4960), camphor, thymoquinone, trans-sabinyl acetate, methyl salicylate, thujone, pulegone, β-elemene, β-eudesmol and costus lactone	Pelargonium Petroselinum Anethum graveolens Cymbopogon Cinnamomum camphora Nigella sativa	[47]