Figure 4.
Bioactivity of EVs alone, cECMH, and EVs–PEG–cECMH, measured as anti-senescent effect. (a) Percentage of senescent EDCs from patient 1 under basal conditions and under exposure to EVs alone, cECMH alone, or EVs–PEG–cECMH (n = 3). (b) Percentage of senescent explant-derived cells (EDCs) from patient 2 under the different conditions (n = 3). (c) Optical microscopy images from EDCs (senescent cells in blue) from patient 1 under the different conditions. * p < 0.01 with respect to serum-free media (SFM). # p < 0.05 with respect to the EVs group. Scale bars correspond to 100 µm. cECMH, cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogel; PEG, polyethylene glycol; EVs, extracellular vesicles.