Table 3.
TTE and TEE before TLE.
| Hemorrhagic Complication (Cardiac/Vascular Wall Tear) | Tricuspid Valve Damage | All Major Complications (Mixed Damages 1 Case) |
Control Group (No Major Complications) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups of patients | A N = 22 Mean ± SD n (%) |
B N = 12 Mean ± SD n (%) |
C N = 33 Mean ± SD n (%) |
D N = 1467 Mean ± SD n (%) |
| TTE before TLE | ||||
| LVEF average [%] | 59.43 ± 10.85 p = 0.002 |
56.00 ± 11.78 p = 0.049 |
58.06 ± 11.29 p < 0.001 |
49.07 ± 15.96 |
| TVR-mild (0,1) | 15 (68.20) p = 0.214 |
8 (66.70) p = 0.214 |
22 (66.70) p = 0.153 |
771 (52.60) |
| TVR-intermediate/mid (2,3) | 6 (27.30) p = 0.417 |
4 (33.30) p = 0.469 |
10 (30.30) 0.469 |
558 (38.00) |
| TVR-severe (4) | 0 (0.00) p = 0.382 |
0 (0.00) p = 0.215 |
0 (0.00) p = 0.215 |
104 (7.10) |
| Lack of examination | 1 (4.50) p = 0.610 |
0 (0.00) p = 0.997 |
1 (3.00) p = 0.997 |
67 (4.60) |
| RVSP [mm Hg] | 27.24 ± 8.57 p = 0.075 |
26.08 (7.12) p = 0.010 |
27.06 ± 7.98 p = 0.010 |
32.07 (11.82) |
| TEE Findings before TLE | ||||
| Oscillating tissue scar on the lead | 7 (38.80) p = 0.080 |
3 (25.00) p = 0.044 |
10 (30.30) p < 0.044 |
231 (15.70) |
| Lead thickening (encapsulation) | 14(63.60) p < 0.001 |
9 (75.00) p < 0.001 |
22 (66.70) p < 0.001 |
398 (27.10) |
| Lead-to-lead binding | 10 (45.50) p < 0.001 |
5 (41.70) p < 0.001 |
15 (45.50) p < 0.001 |
208 (14.20) |
| Lead adhering to any heart structure | 11 (50.00) p < 0.001 |
10 (83.30) p < 0.001 |
20 (60.60) p < 0.001 |
242 (16.50) |
| Lead adhering to tricuspid valve | 5 (22.70) p = 0.031 |
6 (50.00) p < 0.001 |
11 (33.30) p < 0.001 |
115 (7.80) |
| Lead adhering to superior vena cava | 5 (22.70) p = 0.004 |
4 (33.30) p < 0.001 |
9 (27.30 p < 0.001) |
83 (5.70) |
| Lead adhering to RA wall | 9 (40.90) p < 0.001 |
1 (8.30) p < 0.001 |
10 (30.30) p < 0.001 |
92 (6.30) |
| Lead adhering to RV wall | 7 (31.80) p = 0.002 |
8 (66.70) p < 0.001 |
14 (42.40) p < 0.001 |
140 (9.50) |
| Tissue scar occurrence (any form) (possible multiple options) | 3.272 ± 1.725 p < 0.001 |
3.917 ± 1.647 p < 0.001 |
3.515 ± 1.587 p < 0.001 |
1.188 ± 1.225 |
| Occurrence of any form of tissue scar | 14 (63.60) p = 0.026 |
10 (83.30) p < 0.001 |
23 (69.70) p < 0.001 |
558 (38.00) |
| Perforation of RV wall/ECHO finding | 1 (4.50) p = 0.578 |
1 (8.30) p = 0.591 |
2 (6.10) p = 0.591 |
154 (10.50) |
Abbreviations: LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction, RA—right atrium, RV—right ventricle, RVSP—right ventricular systolic pressure, TVR—tricuspid valve regurgitation.