Table 5.
Comparison of postpartum depressive symptoms by demographic variables.
| Variable | M | SD | Median | U or H | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parity | 594.50 | 0.02 | |||
| Primiparous | 16.66 | 11.97 | 14.00 | ||
| Multiparous | 10.82 | 8.59 | 8.00 | ||
| Marital status | 1.52 | 0.47 | |||
| Single | 13.00 | 15.47 | 8.50 | ||
| Married | 14.07 | 10.88 | 12.00 | ||
| others | 21.50 | 10.61 | 21.50 | ||
| Education level | 701.00 | 0.31 | |||
| Bachelor or higher | 12.96 | 10.26 | 11.00 | ||
| Lower than bachelor | 15.85 | 12.10 | 12.00 | ||
| Employment | 486.00 | 0.40 | |||
| Unemployed | 11.42 | 10.56 | 11.00 | ||
| Employed | 14.65 | 11.15 | 12.34 | ||
| Planned pregnancy | 658.50 | 0.41 | |||
| No | 12.32 | 9.66 | 10.00 | ||
| Yes | 15.00 | 11.69 | 12.68 | ||
| Happy about the pregnancy | 0.68 | 0.71 | |||
| Very unhappy or unhappy | 16.33 | 5.03 | 17.00 | ||
| Very happy or happy | 14.13 | 11.06 | 12.00 | ||
| Uncertain | 13.75 | 15.28 | 10.00 | ||
| Sleep disturbance | 448.50 | 0.01 | |||
| No | 9.73 | 9.12 | 6.00 | ||
| Yes | 16.15 | 11.36 | 14.00 |
U: Mann-Whitney U test statistic for variable with two levels; H: Kruskal-Wallis H test statistic for variable with more than two levels.