Table 1.
The proteome of MRGs is tabulated below detailing their coding gene, mitochondrial function and the published experimental evidence for their localisation in MRGs.
| Gene Name | Function | Experimental Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| ALKBH1 | Histone H2A dioxygenase | Punctate foci with endogenous immunostaining [36]. |
| C17orf80c 1 | Uncharacterised Protein | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| CLPX | Mitochondrial Protease subunit | |
| DBT | Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex subunit |
|
| DDX28 | Mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with overexpression of DDX28 tagged with HA [37]; endogenous immunostaining [25]. |
| DHX30 | Mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with endogenous immunostaining [25,38]. |
| ELAC2 2 | RNAse Z: 3′ tRNA processing | Proximal punctate foci with overexpression of ELAC2 fused with Eos [39]. |
| ERAL1 | Mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with overexpression of ERAL1 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| FASTK | RNA processing | Punctate foci with overexpression of mitochondrial isoform of FASTK tagged with HA [21]. |
| FASTKD1 | RNA processing | Punctate foci with overexpression of FASTKD1 tagged with FLAG [30]. |
| FASTKD2 | RNA processing; mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with overexpression of FASTKD2 tagged with HA [21]. and endogenous immunostaining [25]. |
| FASTKD5 | RNA processing; mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with endogenous immunostaining [25] |
| FTSJ2 (MRM2) 2 | rRNA methylation | Proximal punctate foci with overexpression of MRM2 fused with Eos [40]. |
| GRSF1 | RNA processing; mitoribosome assembly | Punctate foci with endogenous immunostaining [15,16]. Overexpression of mitochondrial isoform of GRSF1 [15]. |
| GTPBP10 | Mitoribosome assembly | Member of the protein interactome co-purified with DDX28 [41]. |
| HARS2 | Mitochondrial histidyl tRNA synthetase | mtLSU assembly module of MRGs [35]. |
| HNRNPUL1 1 | Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein | Pseudouridylation module of MRGs [35]. |
| HNRNPA2B1 1 | Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein | |
| HNRNPA3 1 | Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein | |
| HNRNPK 1 | Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein | |
| HSD17B10 2 (MRPP2) |
RNAse P subunit: 5′ tRNA processing | Putative partner of GRSF1 [15]. Proximal punctate foci with overexpression of MRPP2 fused with Eos [39]. |
| IBA57 | Iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| LRPPRC | mRNA stability | Pseudouridylation module of MRGs [35]. |
| METTL15 | rRNA methylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of METTL15 tagged with FLAG [34]. |
| MRM1 2 | rRNA methylation | Proximal punctate foci with overexpression of MRM1 fused with Eos [40]. |
| MRPL12 | Mitoribosome subunit | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| MRPL14 | Mitoribosome subunit | |
| MRPL47 | Mitoribosome subunit | Punctate foci with overexpression of MRPL47 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| MRPL58 | Mitoribosome subunit | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| MRPS7 | Mitoribosome subunit | Punctate foci with overexpression of MRPS7 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| MRPS9 | Mitoribosome subunit | Punctate foci with overexpression of MRPS9 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| MTERF3 (MTERFD1) |
mt-LSU assembly | Punctate foci with overexpression of MTERFD1 tagged with FLAG [34]. |
| mtPAP | Poly(A) polymerase | Punctate foci with endogenous immunostaining and overexpression of mtPAP tagged with FLAG [32]. |
| NFS1 | Cysteine desulfurase | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| NGRN | RNA pseudouridylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of NGRN tagged with FLAG [34]. |
| NLRX1 | Regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity | Punctate foci with overexpression of NLRX1 fused with GFP [42]. |
| NOA1 | Involved in mitochondrial protein translation |
Punctate foci with overexpression of NOA1 tagged with FLAG [33] |
| NT5DC2 | 5′-Nucleotidase | RNA processing module of MRGs [35]. |
| PNPT1 (PNPase) | 3′-5′-exoribonuclease activity | Bimolecular fluorescence complementation of SUV3-PNPase complex partially colocalizing with MRGs [43]. |
| PRORP (MRPP3) | RNAse P subunit: 5′ tRNA processing | Punctate foci with overexpression of MRPP3 tagged with MYC [15]. |
| PTCD1 | 3′ tRNA processing | Punctate foci with overexpression of PTCD1 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| PTCD2 | RNA processing | Punctate foci with overexpression of PTCD2 tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| RBMX 1 | Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein | mtLSU assembly module of MRGs [35]. |
| RCC1L (WBSCR16) | RNA pseudouridylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of WBSCR16 tagged with FLAG [34]. |
| RNMTL1 2 (MRM3) | rRNA methylation | Proximal punctate foci with overexpression of MRM3 fused with Eos and endogenous immunostaining [40]. |
| RPUSD3 | RNA pseudouridylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of RPUSD3 tagged with FLAG [33,34]. |
| RPUSD4 | RNA pseudouridylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of RPUSD4 tagged with FLAG [33,34]. |
| SUPV3L1 (hSUV3p) | RNA helicase | Bimolecular fluorescence complementation of SUV3-PNPase complex partially colocalizing with MRGs [43]. |
| TFB1M | RNA modification | Punctate foci with overexpression of TFB1M tagged with FLAG [33]. |
| TRMT10C (MRPP1) | RNAse P subunit: 5′ tRNA processing; tRNA methyltransferase | Punctate foci with overexpression of MRPPI tagged with FLAG [15]. |
| TRUB2 | RNA pseudouridylation | Punctate foci with overexpression of TRUB2 tagged with FLAG [33,34]. |
| ZC3H4 1 | Zinc Finger domain protein | Pseudouridylation module of MRGs [35]. |
| ZFR 1 | Zinc Finger RNA Binding Protein |
1 These genes are not listed in the Human Mitocarta 3.0 database.2 Observed in foci that are adjacent to nucleoids that likely correspond to MRGs.