Table 2.
All factors derived from the literature.
| Theoretical Constructs | Reference of the Study |
|---|---|
| (1) Demographics | |
| Age | [9,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,37,38,39,40,43,45,46,47,49,50,51,53,54,55,57,58,59,61,62,64,65,66,68,69,71,72,73,75] * |
| Gender | [9,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,37,38,39,40,43,44,45,46,47,49,50,51,52,53,61,62,63,65,66,68,69,72,73,75] * |
| Education level | [9,19,21,23,24,25,27,28,39,43,44,45,46,47,50,51,52,53,55,56,58,62,63,65,66,69,70,72,73,75] * |
| Income level | [21,23,28,39,43,45,46,50,51,55,56,60,61,63,66,69,75] * |
| Employment status | [20,21,23,28,43,44,46,47,51,53,58,61,63,66,69,73] * |
| Socio-geographic (e.g., rural vs. urban) | [9,21,24,25,27,28,39,45,46,47,51,52,53,55,62,63,66,69] * |
| Race/ethnicity | [21,23,25,28,39,43,44,45,50,51,53,60,62,65,66,75] * |
| Having children | [9,51,52,63] * |
| Religiosity | [19,23,28,39,44,45,50,51] * |
| Marital status | [9,21,23,25,28,38,43,45,46,51,61,63,69] * |
| Profession | [9,22,24,25,27,28,37,38,40,43,58,71,72,73] * |
| Place of work | [53,54,57] * |
| Smoking status | [24,26,59] * |
| (2) Social factors | |
| Social solidarity | [44,51] |
| Socioeconomic status | [20,37,50,68] * |
| Social density and prosocial concern | [48,51] * |
| Child protection/parental concerns | [47,52,60] * |
| Communication and media | [26,44,62,68] * |
| Trust in government | 35, [26,53,62,67] * |
| Political beliefs | [19,43,44,45,49,50,51,56,65,67] * |
| Recent or upcoming travel | [45] |
| Trust in scientists/WHO/CDC/FDA | [19,25,26,39,50,51,53,55,59,60,65] * |
| Work stress/anxiety | [52,54,73] * |
| (3) Vaccination beliefs and attitudes | |
| Believing COVID-19 vaccination is unnecessary | [57] * |
| Vaccine hesitancy | [20,21,24,40,43,44,51,52,58] * |
| Personal belief against vaccines | [20,23,66] * |
| Preference for natural immunity | [44] * |
| Anti-vaccine attitudes or beliefs | [21,51,71,72] * |
| Conspiracy beliefs | [20,27,49,51,65] * |
| Vaccine confidence | [24,27,51,54,55,60,65,66,69] * |
| (4) Vaccine-related perceptions | |
| Vaccine efficacy/effectiveness | [9,19,21,24,27,28,39,44,45,46,47,50,51,55,56,57,59,60,61,62,63,66,69,71,72,73,75] * |
| Vaccine safety | [9,21,27,39,44,46,47,50,51,57,60,61,66,67,68,69] * |
| Vaccine price | [27,45,46,47,55,61,63,66] * |
| Rapid development of the vaccine | [9,44,51,60,61] * |
| Vaccine country origin/national | [19,27,46,56,63,69] * |
| Vaccine adverse side effect | [9,19,22,27,39,44,45,55,61,63,66,69,71,72] * |
| Frequency of injection | [46,55,63] * |
| Long protection duration | [19,45,55,63] * |
| Influenza vaccination history | [9,19,21,22,37,39,40,46,47,53,56,57,62,63,71,72] * |
| (5) Health-related perceptions | |
| Health history/medical conditions | [23,26,43,45,53,57,58,68,69] * |
| High risk of COVID-19 infection | [9,25,28,39,40,45,46,51,52,55,60,64,66] * |
| Being sick with COVID-19 | [39,45,50,51,69] * |
| Insurance coverage | [19,45,50,56,63,73,75] * |
| Family history of compromised immune systems | [26,39] * |
| Contact with COVID-19 cases | [9,19,39,46,51,53,57,66] * |
| Trust in homeopathy and naturopathy | [26] * |
| Fear about COVID-19 (Self-protection) | [26,40,43,52,56,58,60,62,64,66,68,69] * |
| (6) Perceived barriers | |
| Financial barriers | [50] * |
| Lack of trust | [20,21,51] * |
| Misinformation | [22,51,65,66,71,72] * |
| Concerns about commercial profiteering | [44] * |
| (7) Vaccine recommendations | |
| Vaccine recommendation by health professional/scientists | [27,44,45,46,60] * |
| Vaccine recommendation by friends or family | [55,60,66,69] * |
| Government advice to vaccinate | [44,67] * |
| Mandatory by the government | [27,44] * |
(*) means the factor is significantly associated with intention to use COVID-19.