Table 11.

Multiple regression models in which the dependent variable is anxiety and the predictors are learning motivating factors.

Model	Non-Standardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Significance
	B	Standard Error	Beta
A. Respondents do not participate in e-learning-based computer programming courses
(Constant)	12.244	2.655		4.612	0.000
Individual attitude and expectation	−0.065	0.642	−0.010	−0.102	0.919
Challenging goals	−0.592	0.401	−0.126	−1.477	0.141
Clear direction	−0.581	0.661	−0.085	−0.879	0.381
Reward and recognition	0.033	0.543	0.005	0.060	0.952
Punishment	0.037	0.301	0.010	0.124	0.901
Social pressure and competition	0.141	0.347	0.033	0.405	0.686
R = 0.181; R Square = 0.033; Adjusted R Square = 0.005; Standard Error of the Estimate = 5.24862; F (6, 212) = 1.192, p = 0.312
B. Respondents participate in e-learning-based computer programming courses
(Constant)	15.287	2.747		5.565	0.000
Individual attitude and expectation	0.245	0.608	0.040	0.404	0.687
Challenging goals	−1.692	0.417	−0.318	−4.061	0.000
Clear direction	−0.935	0.702	−0.134	−1.331	0.185
Reward and recognition	0.783	0.499	0.131	1.570	0.118
Punishment	0.185	0.330	0.043	0.561	0.576
Social pressure and competition	−0.431	0.364	−0.091	−1.183	0.239
R = 0.395; R Square = 0.156; Adjusted R Square = 0.128; Standard Error of the Estimate = 5.16559; F (6, 179) = 5.508, p < 0.001