Table 12.

Multiple regression models in which the dependent variable is depression and the predictors are learning motivating factors.

Model	Non-Standardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Significance
	B	Standard Error	Beta
A. Respondents do not participate in e-learning-based computer programming courses
(Constant)	18.068	3.077		5.872	0.000
Individual attitude and expectation	−0.192	0.747	−0.026	−0.257	0.797
Challenging goals	−1.133	0.459	−0.211	−2.469	0.014
Clear direction	−0.464	0.758	−0.059	−0.612	0.541
Reward and recognition	−0.271	0.641	−0.038	−0.423	0.673
Punishment	0.175	0.346	0.040	0.507	0.613
Social pressure and competition	−0.014	0.394	-0.003	−0.036	0.972
R = 0.272; R Square = 0.074; Adjusted R Square = 0.046; Stadard Error of the Estimate = 5.86205; F (6, 199) = 2.656, p = 0.017
B. Respondents participate in e-learning-based computer programming courses
(Constant)	24.130	3.065		7.873	0.000
Individual attitude and expectation	0.370	0.677	0.052	0.546	0.586
Challenging goals	−2.233	0.464	−0.357	−4.809	0.000
Clear direction	−2.197	0.783	−0.268	−2.806	0.006
Reward and recognition	0.874	0.554	0.125	1.578	0.116
Punishment	0.335	0.368	0.066	0.911	0.363
Social pressure and competition	−0.478	0.407	−0.085	−1.176	0.241
R = 0.493; R Square = 0.243; Adjusted R Square = 0.218; Standard Error of the Estimate = 5.75620; F (6, 179) = 9.584, p < 0.001