Table 1.

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant systemic treatment for UTUC patients.

Trial	Drug	Study Design	Line	Overall pts n, UTUC pts n. (%)	Outcomes (Primary Endpoint)
IMvigor 010 [61]	Atezolizumab	Phase 3 RCT	Adjuvant	809; 54 (6.7%)	Median disease-free survival, 19.4 months (95% CI 15.9–24.8)
Checkmate 274 [62]	Nivolumab	Phase 3 RCT	Adjuvant	709; 149 (21%)	Median disease-free survival 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5 to 27.6)
NCT02690558 [63]	Cisplatin, gemcitabine, pembrolizumab	Phase 2	Neoadjuvant	39; na	pCR:36%
POUT [43]	Cisplatin or carboplatin + gemcitabine	Phase 3 RCT	Adjuvant	261	Disease-free survival (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68; p = 0.0001)

Abbreviations: RCT: randomized controlled trial, pts: patients; na: non available; pCR: pathologic complete response.