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. 2021 Sep 1;22(17):9522. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179522

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© 2021 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The main anticancer molecular mechanism of emodin. FAK: focal adhesion kinase; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; AKT: oncogenic protein kinase B; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; RIP1: receptor-interacting protein 1; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; RFT: fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) transcription; Bax: bcl-2-like protein 4; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; PKC: protein kinase C; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.