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. 2021 Aug 31;18(17):9168. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179168

Table 5.

Association between change in physical activity and psychological factors. Results are adjusted for age, gender, marital status, employment, household income, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, diagnosed chronic physical or mental illnesses. MVPA= moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Equal or More MVPA
OR 95% CI p
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale Short form
Probable depression (≤17 points) 1.00
Possible depression (18–20 points) 3.24 0.93–11.22 0.064
Average mental well-being (21–27 points) 4.20 1.34–13.15 0.014
High mental well-being (28–35 points) 8.61 2.68–27.62 <0.001
Beck Depression Inventory
Depression (10–63 points) 1.00
No depression (0–9 points) 2.57 1.80–3.67 <0.001
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Anxiety (8–63 points) 1.00
No anxiety (0–7 points) 2.01 1.39–2.90 <0.001
Loneliness Scale
Lonely (3–5 points) 1.00
Not lonely (6–9 points) 2.62 1.85–3.70 <0.001