Table 3.
Sub-group and meta-regression analyses.
| HbA1c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-Group Analysis | |||||
| k | SMD | 95% CI | I2 | p | |
| Control condition | |||||
| Waiting list | 1 | −0.25 | −0.76, 0.26 | - | 0.10 |
| TAU | 8 | −0.63 | −1.08, −0.17 | 88% | |
| Active control | 4 | −0.08 | −0.28, 0.11 | 31% | |
| Diabetes Type | |||||
| T1DM | 6 | −0.54 | −1.16, 0.07 | 91% | 0.08 |
| T2DM | 7 | −0.27 | −0.51, −0.03 | 63% | |
| Intervention delivery format | |||||
| SMS | 1 | −0.25 | −0.76, 0.26 | - | 0.28 |
| Phone calls | 3 | −0.25 | −0.45, −0.05 | 0% | |
| Video calls | 1 | −0.88 | −1.5, −0.26 | - | |
| Applications | 8 | −0.42 | −0.88, 0.04 | 91% | |
| Type of analyses | |||||
| ITT | 7 | −0.58 | −1.04, −0.11 | 89% | 0.18 |
| Per-protocol | 6 | −0.20 | −0.50, 0.10 | 85% | |
| Meta-Regression | |||||
| k | β | SE | z | p | |
| Age | 13 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.33 |
| Female gender | 12 | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
| Diabetes duration | 12 | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.62 | 0.54 |
| Intervention Duration | 13 | −0.007 | 0.03 | −0.29 | 0.77 |
Note. HbA1c = Hemoglobin A1c; SMD = Standard Mean Difference; CI = Confidence Interval; I2 = Heterogeneity; TAU = Treatment as usual; T1DM = Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; T2DM = Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SMS = Short Message Service; ITT = Intention-To-Treat; p < 0.05.