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. 2021 Aug 25;22(17):9170. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179170

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Longitudinal gradient of O2, bacterial load and pH along the intestine. Spatial heterogeneity of the gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The bacterial families of the small intestine and colon reflect physiological differences along the length of the gut. A gradient of oxygen and pH limits the bacterial density in the small intestine, whereas the colon carries high bacterial loads (darker brown = more bacteria).