Number concentrations of sub-0.5-, 0.5-, 1-, and 2.5-μm particles measured in the generation zone for (a–d) closed-door cases with (a) air purifier off, (b) low-speed air purifier turned on after particle generation, (c) high-speed air purifier turned on after particle generation, (d) and high-speed air purifier running from the beginning of particle generation; and (e,f) open-door cases with (e) air purifier off and (f) high-speed air purifier running from the beginning of particle generation. The background concentration is shown with the red horizontal line for <0.5- and 0.5-μm particles, green dash line for 1-μm particles, and blue dotted line for 2.5-μm particles. The removal time for different particle sizes is marked with asterisks.