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. 2021 Sep 4;22(17):9608. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179608

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Impairment of brain plasticity in PD caused by the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain tissue. Aberrant neurogenesis in SGZ/SVZ as well as in the substantia nigra /striatum is a result of numerous mechanisms triggered by improperly folded α-synuclein (α-syn) that are associated with neuroinflammation, direct cell toxicity, and synaptic dysfunction. Abbreviations used: SNCA—synuclein gene, PRKN—parkin gene, DJ-1—deglycase gene, PINK1—PTEN-induced kinase 1 gene, E/I—excitation/inhibition balance, DAMPs—damage-associated molecular patterns, SN—substantia nigra.